Lutein and Zeaxanthin Monograph

Introduction Lutein and zeaxanthin belong to the xanthophyll family of carotenoids and are the two major components of the macular pigment of the retina. The macula lutea or “yellow spot” in the retina is responsible for central vision and visual acuity. Lutein and zeaxanthin are the only carotenoids found in both the macula and lens of the human eye, and have dual functions in both tissues – to act as powerful antioxidants and to filter high-energy blue light.1 Lutein is found in high amounts in human serum.2 In the diet it is found in highest concentrations in dark green, leafy vegetables (spinach, kale, collard greens, and others), corn, and egg yolks.3 Zeaxanthin is the major carotenoid found in corn, orange peppers, oranges, and tangerines (Table 1).4 In addition to playing pivotal roles in ocular health, lutein and zeaxanthin are important nutrients for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and lung cancer. They may also be protective in skin conditions attributed to excessive ultraviolet (UV) light exposure.